Gulliver

Electric utility E.ON is one of the “Big Six” energy companies in the UK and a major power provider in Germany, where it is based. Back In 2009, Ruhrgas AG (a predecessor of E.ON) was fined €553 million for conspiring to fix prices of gas imported from Russia via the MEGAL pipeline.

Although it was historically a major fossil fuel provider, E.ON spun off its fossil fuel assets into a new company named Uniper in 2016. Subsequently it claimed to offer “100% renewable energy tariffs” to customers, despite nearly half of its energy capacity being powered by fossil fuels or nuclear power. In 2009, E.ON was accused of greenwashing for claiming to use an “integrated” technology approach after installing a few solar panels on top of the Ratcliffe-on-Soar coal-fired power station in Nottinghamshire, England. The panels were estimated to have saved 6.3 tonnes of CO2 emissions a year, equal to less than one millionth of the emissions from the power plant itself. In 2019, E.ON claimed that all its 3.3 million customers in the UK were being switched to 100 percent renewable energy plans. Good Energy, a rival electricity company, summed up the matter succinctly: "E-ON is moving its customers to a 52% renewable, 48% greenwash tariff."
 

Eastman Chemical is the former chemicals division of the Kodak photo company. The Tennessee operations of Eastman were commissioned to make RDX explosives and to manage nuclear weapons development during the Second World War. In 1960 a major explosion at the company’s aniline manufacturing plant in Kingsport, Tennessee, killed 16 people. In 1994, Eastman Chemical became a separate company, headquartered in Kingsport. Today, Eastman owns and operates over 50 manufacturing sites in 16 different countries.

EDF Renewables is a wholly owned subsidiary of EDF Group, the French public electricity company, which is a major producer of nuclear energy and was one of the three largest gas emitters in the European Union in 2021.

The company has faced major opposition to multiple wind power projects in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in México on the land of the Zapotec Indigenous peoples in the state of Oaxaca. The Zapotec successfully sued to get EDF's contract for the Gunaa Sicarú project canceled in June 2022. In France, EDF's massive 46-turbine wind farm project off the coast of Dunkirk in the North Sea was the subject of a formal challenge by the country of Belgium for obstruction of shipping lanes to the UK.

In Morocco the company is working on the Noor Midelt solar project which is sited on 2,500 hectares of land expropriated from three ethnic agricultural communities - Ait Massoud Ouali, Ait Oufella and Ait Rahou Ouali.
 

Électricité de France (EDF Group) is a state-owned energy company that was renationalized in 2023 after a partial privatization in 2005. Nuclear power made up 76 percent of its 2022 energy production and it was one of the three largest gas emitters in the European Union in 2021. The company is currently building the world’s largest nuclear plant in India despite widespread community opposition. The safety of its nuclear plants has often been a topic of controversy as a result of reported leaks, sealing failures, and insufficient monitoring of subcontractors. In order to make the burial of nuclear waste more “socially acceptable” in Meuse and Haute-Marne in eastern France, EDF reportedly spent €340 million (US$363 million).

The company has also been heavily criticized over the impact of the hydroelectric dams that it has built such as the Nam Theun II project on a tributary of the Mekong River in Laos, and for a proposed dam at Mphanda Nkuwa on the Zambezi river in Mozambique. Communities in Brazil successfully defeated EDF's proposed São Luiz do Tapajós dam in 2016.
 

Enbridge operates the world's longest crude oil and liquids pipeline system, with over 150,000 kilometers in pipelines in North America. It has come under repeated criticism by environmental and Indigenous groups for building its pipelines through tribal lands. Most notable are the Line 3 and Line 5 pipelines, which have been the subject of mass protests, including blockades, civil disobedience, and shutdowns. The company was found to have paid off Minnesota police to surveil and arrest protesters during 2021 protests against the company.

Line 5, almost 70 years old, runs through the Straits of Mackinac, which connect Lake Michigan to Lake Huron. A 2016 report to the U.S. Congress showed that the pipeline was missing bottom anchors that should hold it in place in 16 major locations. Engineering experts say that Line 5 is ‘one peak current event’ away from failure that could contaminate over 1,100 kilometers of the shoreline of the Great Lakes.