Amazon

Profile

Summary

Amazon is a retail behemoth whose real business is data – Big Data. ​​Founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994, the company relentlessly gathers data every time an individual uses its website or its voice assistant in order to be able to sell more stuff. It is infamous for its use of low paid warehouse workers and delivery drivers who are tasked with delivering a wide variety of products to online shoppers. The company has spent millions to prevent these workers from organizing but in a historic first, workers at Amazon’s JFK8 warehouse in Staten Island, New York, voted to unionize in April 2022. 

Products

Online shopping, data hosting, supermarkets, Alexa voice assistant, Kindle e-book reader

Violations

TOP 5 OFFENSE GROUPS (GROUPS DEFINED)PENALTY TOTALNUMBER OF RECORDS
consumer-protection-related offenses$131,644,72817
employment-related offenses$88,246,49815
environment-related offenses$16,635,90722
safety-related offenses$4,158,989102
competition-related offenses$2,250,0001

(January 29, 2024)

Number of Records
158
Total Penalties
US$243,070,645 (January 29, 2024)
Individual Records & Summaries
Click here for details of Amazon's violations.
Information in this section is drawn from the Violation Tracker database produced by the Corporate Research Project of Good Jobs First in Washington DC. It is the most comprehensive source of data on business violations of laws and regulations in the United States. For specific examples of misconduct, please click on the links.

Stories

Article Archive
Videos & Podcasts
USA: Amazon workers hold Black Friday protest outside company headquarters
Amazon Worker Leads Protest Against Working Conditions, Is Fired

 

Other Key Sources
  • Business and Human Rights Resource Centre's profile on Amazon - UK-based Business and Human Rights Resource Centre is an NGO that employs researchers on five continents who work with activists, companies and governments alike to advance human rights in business by eradicating abuse.
  • Mirador's profile on Amazon - Mirador is a project of the Belgium-based NGO Research Group for an Alternative Economic Strategy (GRESEA), which monitors abuse carried out by the largest multinational corporations in Belgium and the world.

Activism

Recent & Ongoing Campaigns
New wave of Black Friday “Make Amazon Pay” strikes and protests in 30+ countries

Skwawkbox | November 23, 2023

The global day of action is taking place for the four Black Friday in a row. In previous years, thousands of workers went on strike at facilities throughout Germany, France, Spain, the UK and Italy; garment workers’ took to the streets in Bangladesh; US workers organised walkouts; civil society allies held demonstrations projecting the Make Amazon Pay logo at Amazon headquarters all over the world and projecting “pandemic profiteer” onto Jeff Bezos’s mansion; and climate activists blockaded Amazon warehouses in three European countries.

USA: Google And Amazon Workers Protest Their Companies’ $1.2 Billion AI Contract With Israel

Richard Nieva | Forbes | September 12, 2022

Hundreds of Google and Amazon workers on Thursday staged protests around the country to speak out against the two tech giants’ cloud contracts with the Israeli government, fearing the military could use the technology to surveil Palestinians.

USA: ‘The revolution is here’: Chris Smalls’ union win sparks a movement at other Amazon warehouses

Gloria Oladipo | The Guardian | April 6, 2022

Staff at more than 50 Amazon warehouses have contacted the organizers of last week’s historic vote establishing Amazon’s first-ever union, expressing interest in setting up unions of their own.

Amazon Will Face Black Friday Strikes and Protests in 20 Countries

Lauren Kaori Gurley | VICE | November 18, 2021

On Black Friday, a group of unions and grassroots organizations, known as the Make Amazon Pay Coalition, will stage coordinated protests and strikes in at least 20 countries to demand Amazon pay workers a living wage, respect their right to join unions, pay its fair share of taxes, and commit to meaningful environmental sustainability.

USA: The Teamsters File for First Union Election at an Amazon Warehouse in Canada

Lauren Kaori Gurley | VICE | September 14, 2021

A vote at YEG1, the Amazon warehouse in Alberta, where workers have described rampant favoritism and discrimination against ethnic minorities and immigrants, could be held as soon as in two weeks, once the Alberta Labour Relations Board approves the election. 

Amazon workers strike in Italy over pandemic-driven delivery demands

Elvira Pollina | Reuters | March 22, 2021

Italy's FILT-CGIL, FIT-CISL and Uiltrasporti unions called the 24-hour strike after failing to reach common ground at two meetings in January with Amazon and the collapse of negotiations with employers association Assoespressi, which represents delivery firms.

EthicalConsumer calls for boycott of Amazon over company's tax avoidance

Ethical Consumer | January 29, 2021

In 2020, Amazon announced that its key UK business paid just £14.46 million in tax in 2019 - a 3% increase from the previous year, despite pre-tax profits growing by more than 35%. We have estimated that in 2017 Amazon’s tax avoidance from profit shifting alone cost the UK £52million.

More than 400 lawmakers from 34 countries back 'Make Amazon Pay' campaign

Paul Sandle | Reuters | December 3, 2020

More than 400 lawmakers from 34 countries have signed a letter to Amazon.com Inc boss Jeff Bezos backing a campaign that claims the tech giant has “dodged and dismissed … debts to workers, societies, and the planet,” organisers said.

US book stores launch 'Boxed Out' campaign against Amazon

Techxplore | October 15, 2020

The American Booksellers Association has launched an advertising campaign against Amazon to alert the public to what it calls the growing danger that book stores are under from the online goliath during the coronavirus pandemic.

Anti-Amazon campaigners in France team up to say 'non' to firm's expansion

Christian Lowe, Elizabeth Pineau and Mathieu Rosemain | Reuters | July 30, 2020

In France, disparate anti-Amazon forces – including local activists, environmentalists, trade unions and members of parliament - are coming together to battle the world’s largest online retailer. In some instances, they have received funding from some of the world’s wealthiest philanthropists. The aim: to stop the e-commerce giant from expanding its presence arguing the U.S.-based company destroys retail jobs, exploits workers and harms the environment – arguments Amazon rejects.

USA: Activists Build a Grass-Roots Alliance Against Amazon

David Streitfield | The New York Times | November 26, 2019

The coalition, Athena, comprises three dozen grass-roots groups involved in issues like digital surveillance, antitrust and working conditions in warehouses. The goal is to encourage and unify the resistance to Amazon that is now beginning to form.

Amazon workers strike in Germany, joining action in Spain and Poland

Reuters | July 16, 2018

Thousands of workers will walk off the job on Tuesday at Amazon warehouses in Germany to demand better working conditions, joining colleagues in Spain and Poland in taking action that coincides with a major sales promotion.


Major Investigations
& Lawsuits
USA: Amazon sued by three employees who allege gender discrimination and ‘chronic’ pay inequity

Annie Palmer | CNBC | November 20, 2023

Caroline Wilmuth, Katherine Schomer and Erin Combs, who work in various roles within Amazon’s corporate research and strategy division, alleged the company assigns female staffers lower job titles for the same roles that are held by men with higher titles and larger salaries.

Dutch Consumer Group Sues Amazon Over Data Tracking

Catherine Stupp | Wall Street Journal | October 18, 2023

Consumer-rights body SDBN has filed a lawsuit against the tech company that mirrors a previous penalty, this time aiming to win damages for consumers.

Spanish court: Amazon violated labor law with delivery app

Jennifer O'Mahogany | AP News | February 3, 2023

A Spanish court has ruled that Amazon broke labor laws by forcing more than 2,000 delivery drivers to use an app that the company controlled for scheduling work and payments and requiring them to use their own cars and cellphones on the job.

USA: OSHA Fines Amazon 'Roughly 0.000013%' of Annual Revenue for Worker Safety Hazards

Julia Conley | Common Dreams | January 19, 2023

A paltry $60,000 fine for failing to keep employees safe at one of the world's richest companies offered the latest evidence, according to one critic, that the system ostensibly meant to protect workers "is so broken."

UK: Amazon facing £900m lawsuit for ‘pushing customers to pay more’

Alex Hern | The Guardian | October 20, 2022

A £900m class action claim against Amazon accuses the company of pushing customers towards “offers” that benefit the online retailer, but are not good deals for users.

USA: Amazon loses effort to overturn historic union election at Staten Island warehouse

Annie Palmer | CNBC | September 1, 2022

A historic union victory at Amazon’s Staten Island warehouse should be upheld, a National Labor Relations Board official recommended on Thursday. In April, more than 2,600 workers at Amazon’s warehouse in Staten Island, known as JFK8, voted to join the Amazon Labor Union, becoming the first group to vote in favor of unionizing at one of the e-commerce giant’s U.S. facilities.

Exclusive: Apple, Google, Microsoft and Amazon used illegal gold from Brazilian Indigenous lands

Daniel Camargos | Repórter Brasil | July 25, 2022

We reveal how illegal gold leaves the Amazon and ends up in your cell phone or computer. Two refiners, the Italian company Chimet and the Brazilian company Marsam, whose production was contaminated by metal extracted from clandestine mines, sold gold to the four biggest tech giants.

USA: Amazon Co-owns Deportation Airline Implicated in Alleged Tortute of Immigrants

Sam Biddle | The Intercept | February 17, 2022

To further expand its ballooning logistics empire, the company quietly became a partial owner of Air Transport Services Group Inc., a power player in the air cargo industry that has helped the United States forcibly deport thousands of migrants and, its passengers allege, at times subjected them to horrific abuse en route.

Italy fines Amazon $1.3 billion for abusing its market position

Romain Dillet | Tech Crunch | December 9, 2021

Italy’s competition authority announced that it had fined Amazon €1.129 billion, or roughly $1.3 billion at today’s exchange rate. According to the antitrust watchdog, Amazon has abused its dominant market position and pushed third-party sellers to use the company’s logistics service Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA).

India: Amazon copied products and rigged search results to promote its own brands, documents show

Aditya Kalra & Steve Stecklow | Reuters | October 13, 2021

A trove of internal Amazon documents reveals how the e-commerce giant ran a systematic campaign of creating knockoff goods and manipulating search results to boost its own product lines in India - practices it has denied engaging in. And at least two top Amazon executives reviewed the strategy.

USA: A group of 42,000 Amazon workers is getting $8.6 million after they weren't paid for mandatory bag searches

Hannah Towey | Business Insider | July 27, 2021

Amazon and its staffing partner will pay a total of $13.5 million in the settlement, ending a legal battle that has lasted over 10 years, Bloomberg Law reported on Monday. The highest payout claimed by an Amazon employee thus far is $5,760. 

USA: Amazon To Pay $61.7 Million to Settle FTC Charges It Withheld Some Customer Tips from Amazon Flex Drivers

Federal Trade Commission | February 3, 2021

Amazon will pay more than $61.7 million to settle Federal Trade Commission charges that it failed to pay Amazon Flex drivers the full amount of tips they received from Amazon customers over a two and a half year period. The FTC’s complaint alleges that the company stopped its behavior only after becoming aware of the FTC’s investigation in 2019.


 
Environmental Impacts
USA: Amazon workers press company on climate change response after Pakistan floods

Eli M. Rosenberg | NBC News | January 10, 2023

The petition was started by Amazon Employees for Climate Justice, a group of workers that has pushed the company on climate issues for years. Scientists have said the flooding that killed more than 1,700 people and displaced millions in Pakistan was much more likely to occur because of climate change. 

Private Report Shows How Amazon Drastically Undercounts Its Carbon Footprint

Will Evans | Reveal News | February 25, 2022

Over the past two decades, under pressure from investors and activists, thousands of companies have agreed to disclose their carbon footprints to a nonprofit organization named CDP (originally known as the Carbon Disclosure Project). Amazon had been shamed with an F grade for failing to disclose until this past year, when it submitted to CDP’s questionnaire for the first time. But unlike the majority of companies pressured by investors to disclose, Amazon asked that its report not be shared publicly.

Amazon’s plastic waste soars by a third during pandemic, Oceana report finds

Karen McVeigh | The Guardian | December 15, 2021

Amazon’s plastic packaging waste soared by almost a third, to 270,000 tonnes, during the pandemic last year, according to a report from marine conservation group Oceana.

USA: Amazon and Target play ‘outsized’ role in port congestion and pollution, report finds

Justine Calma | The Verge | November 29, 2021

Amazon and Target are playing a big role in the port pollution crisis along the US West Coast, according to a report published today. These retail giants are among the top importers in the US and rely heavily on shipping routes between China and California.

As Jeff Bezos stresses climate change, Amazon promotes books saying it's fake

Brian Contreras | Los Angeles Times | July 26, 2021

New research from the nonprofit investigative group Advance Democracy has revealed that Amazon.com’s main search function — the “Sort by: Featured” display option, which is the default way Amazon filters its enormous catalog of products when customers go looking for something — gives prominent real estate to books that downplay or outright deny the reality of climate change.

Amazon destroying millions of items of unsold stock in one of its UK warehouses every year, ITV News investigation finds

Richard Pallot | iTV | June 22, 2021

Undercover filming from inside Amazon's Dunfermline warehouse reveals the sheer scale of the waste: Smart TVs, laptops, drones, hairdryers, top of the range headphones, computer drives, books galore, thousands of sealed face masks – all sorted into boxes marked “destroy”.

USA: Amazon workers demand company quit polluting near communities of color

Justine Calma & Zoe Schiffer | The Verge | May 25, 2021

More than 600 workers have signed a petition asking Amazon to bring its pollution down to zero by 2030.

USA: World's Richest Man Jeff Bezos Hides Backstage as Amazon Workers Demand 'Bold, Rapid' Climate Action

Jake Johnson | Common Dreams | May 23, 2019

Amazon CEO and world's richest man Jeff Bezos refused to emerge from backstage at his company's annual shareholder meeting in Seattle on Wednesday as a group of his employees demanded that the online retail giant use its immense power and resources to help confront the global climate crisis.


Employment Practices
& Relations
Saudi Arabia: Migrants workers who toiled in Amazon warehouses were deceived and exploited

Amnesty International | October 10, 2023

In many cases, it is highly likely that the abuses suffered by workers amounted to human trafficking, given the deception that occurred during their recruitment, and the exploitation endured once they were there.

USA: Amazon fires two employees tied to Staten Island union effort

Annie Palmer | CNBC | May 9, 2022

Mat Cusick and Tristan Dutchin told CNBC they were fired by Amazon in recent days. Both Cusick and Dutchin have been working with the Amazon Labor Union, an upstart group led by current and former company employees, to organize workers at the e-commerce giant’s warehouses on New York’s Staten Island.

USA: Working at an Amazon Warehouse Got Even More Dangerous in 2021

Aaron Gordon | VICE | April 12, 2022

More Amazon warehouse workers are getting seriously injured on the job than a year before and at twice the rate of non-Amazon warehouses, despite the company’s pledge to make Amazon “Earth’s Safest Place to Work,” according to a recent analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) data by the Strategic Organizing Center.

USA: Leaked: New Amazon Worker Chat App Would Ban Words Like "Union", "Restrooms", "Pay Rise", and "Plantation"

Ken Klippenstein | The Intercept | April 4, 2022

Amazon will block and flag employee posts on a planned internal messaging app that contain keywords pertaining to labor unions, according to internal company documents reviewed by The Intercept. An automatic word monitor would also block a variety of terms that could represent potential critiques of Amazon’s working conditions, like “slave labor,” “prison,” and “plantation,” as well as “restrooms” — presumably related to reports of Amazon employees relieving themselves in bottles to meet punishing quotas.

USA: Amazon delivery drivers have to consent to AI surveillance in their vans or lose their jobs

James Vincent | The Verge | May 24, 2021

This level of micro-management — and the potential for the AI systems to get it wrong — seems to have angered some drivers. One driver speaking to the Thomson Reuters Foundation earlier this month said the cameras were an “invasion of privacy.” “We are out here working all day, trying our best already,” the driver, 22-year-old Henry Search, told the publication. “The cameras are just another way to control us.”

USA: Amazon Drivers Are Instructed to Drive Recklessly to Meet Delivery Quotas

Lauren Kaori Gurley | VICE | May 6, 2021

Amazon delivery companies around the United States are encouraging reckless and dangerous driving by ordering delivery drivers to shut off an app called Mentor that Amazon uses to monitor drivers' speed and give them a safety score to prevent accidents. Drivers say they are being ordered to turn the app off by their bosses so that they can speed through their delivery routes in order to hit Amazon's delivery targets.

USA: 14-hour days and no bathroom breaks: Amazon's overworked delivery drivers

Michael Sainato | The Guardian | March 11, 2021

Drivers report being underpaid and having to urinate in bottles in their vehicles to keep up with delivery rates.

USA: Amazon Hired Koch-Backed Anti-Union Consultant to Fight Alabama Warehouse Organizing

Lee Fang | The Intercept | February 10, 2021

Amazon is bringing on a set of well-trained union suppression consultants in its high-profile fight to keep its massive warehouse workforce free of organized labor. The Seattle-based conglomerate recently retained a consultant named Russell Brown to help thwart the union election that began recently at its fulfillment center in Bessemer, Alabama, new disclosuresOpens in a new tab show.

USA: Secret Amazon Reports Expose the Company’s Surveillance of Labor and Environmental Groups

Lauren Kaori Gurley | VICE | November 23, 2020

Dozens of leaked documents from Amazon’s Global Security Operations Center reveal the company’s reliance on Pinkerton operatives to spy on warehouse workers and the extensive monitoring of labor unions, environmental activists, and other social movements.

USA: 'Go back to work': outcry over deaths on Amazon's warehouse floor

Michael Sainato | The Guardian | October 18, 2019

In September, Billy Foister, a 48-year-old Amazon warehouse worker, died after a heart attack at work. According to his brother, an Amazon human resources representative informed him at the hospital that Billy had lain on the floor for 20 minutes before receiving treatment from Amazon’s internal safety responders.

Schoolchildren in China work overnight to produce Amazon Alexa devices

Gethin Chamberlain | The Guardian | August 8, 2019

Hundreds of schoolchildren have been drafted in to make Amazon’s Alexa devices in China as part of a controversial and often illegal attempt to meet production targets, documents seen by the Guardian reveal.

USA: Missing wages, grueling shifts, and bottles of urine: The disturbing accounts of Amazon delivery drivers may reveal the true human cost of 'free' shipping

Hayley Peterson | Business Insider | September 11, 2018

In interviews over the course of eight months, drivers described a variety of alleged abuses, including lack of overtime pay, missing wages, intimidation, and favoritism. Drivers also described a physically demanding work environment in which, under strict time constraints, they felt pressured to drive at dangerously high speeds, blow stop signs, and skip meal and bathroom breaks.

Financials

Corporate Headquarters
410 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109
Most Recent Gross Revenue
US$513.983 billion (2022) | source
Most Recent Net Revenue
US$-2.722 billion (2022) | source
Stock Exchange Tickers
NASDAQ: AMZN
Subsidiaries

Major Shareholders

Click here for the latest list.


 
Political Influence

OpenSecrets.org Profile of Amazon.com

Image
Open Secrets Logo

 

USA: How Amazon, Google and Facebook Helped Fund the Campaign to Overturn Roe

Sam Biddle | The Intercept | October 1, 2022

In the years leading up to the seismic reproductive rights decision, however, the tech giants sponsored a controversial group that’s worked tirelessly to put the Supreme Court under conservative control, setting the stage for Roe’s reversal.

The Amazon lobbyists who kill U.S. consumer privacy protections

Jeffrey Dastin, Chris Kirkham and Aditya Kalra | CNBC | November 19, 2021

Internal documents seen by Reuters reveal how a former aide to Joe Biden helped the tech giant build a lobbying juggernaut that has gutted legislation in two dozen states seeking to give consumers more control over their data.

USA: The secret behind Amazon’s domination in cloud computing

Daniel Lippman & Emily Birnbaum | Politico | April 6, 2021

Since 2018, Amazon Web Services has hired at least 66 former government officials with acquisition, procurement or technology adoption experience, most hired directly away from government posts and more than half of them from the Defense Department.

USA: Amazon Has Become a Prime Revolving-Door Destination in Washington

David Corn & Dan Spinelli | Mother Jones | March 2, 2021

A Mother Jones investigation has identified at least 247 US government officials and employees—with about 150 hailing from the intelligence, cybersecurity, law enforcement, and military fields—who were hired by Amazon in the past 10 years or so.

USA: Revealed: AmazonSmile helps fund anti-vaccine groups

Julia Carrie Wong | The Guardian | March 5, 2019

The AmazonSmile fundraising program – through which Amazon donates 0.5% of the purchase price of a shopper’s Amazon transactions to an organization of their choice – is promoted on the websites of four prominent anti-vaccine organizations: National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC), Physicians for Informed Consent [see footnote], Learn the Risk, and Age of Autism.

Subsidy Tracker
Subsidy Tracker
Subsidy Tracker is a project of Good Jobs First in Washington DC. It is the most comprehensive source of data on state and federal subsidies in the United States. For more details, click on the links.
Click here for details of subsidies received by Amazon.
Tax Havens
& Evasion
Amazon had sales income of €44bn in Europe in 2020 but paid no corporation tax

Rupert Neate | The Guardian | May 4, 2021

Fresh questions have been raised over Amazon’s tax planning after its latest corporate filings in Luxembourg revealed that the company collected record sales income of €44bn (£38bn) in Europe last year but did not have to pay any corporation tax to the Grand Duchy.

Amazon Has Record-Breaking Profits in 2020, Avoids $2.3 Billion in Federal Income Taxes

Matthew Gardner | ITEP | February 3, 2021

Amazon’s winning streak in its battle against the U.S. tax system remains intact. This week the retail giant announced record-breaking sales and income for 2020, and an effective federal income tax rate of just 9.4 percent, less than half the statutory corporate tax of 21 percent.

New study deems Amazon worst for 'aggressive' tax avoidance

Rupert Neate | The Guardian | December 2, 2019

The big six US tech firms have been accused of “aggressively avoiding” $100bn (£75bn) of global tax over the past decade.

Amazon halved corporation tax bill despite UK profits tripling

Mark Sweeney | The Guardian | August 3, 2019

Amazon has revealed that its UK corporation tax bill almost halved to £4.5m last year, days after the US company posted a record profit of $2.5bn (£1.9bn) in its most recent quarter.

Amazon settles tax row with France, value undisclosed

Reuters | February 5, 2018

Amazon said on Monday it had settled a long-running dispute with French tax authorities, who have been seeking nearly 200 million euros ($249 million) from the online retail giant.

Revealed: how Project Goldcrest helped Amazon avoid huge sums in tax

Harry Davies & Simon Marks | The Guardian | February 18, 2016

Documents released during the internet giant’s court battle with the US Internal Revenue Service over a possible $1.5bn in unpaid taxes detail a complex restructuring and a deal with Luxembourg that delivered Amazon multimillion-dollar savings.

Amazon investigated by UK authorities over tax avoidance

Martin Hickman | The Independent | April 5, 2012

Tax officials have launched an investigation into whether the online retail giant Amazon has avoided tax by officially allocating its UK sales to a company based in Luxembourg.


Major Projects
USA: Amazon Abandons Warehouse Plan Because San Diego Is Considering Worker Protection Law

Lauren Kaori Gurley | VICE | October 12, 2021

Amazon backed out of a last-mile distribution center project near San Diego, California, because of a proposed law that would require it to pay workers more and offer them stronger protections, Motherboard has confirmed.

Amazon's Facial Analysis Program Is Building A Dystopic Future For Trans And Nonbinary People

Anna Merlan & Dhruv Mehrotra | Jezebel | June 27, 2019

A Jezebel investigation has found that Rekognition frequently misgenders trans, queer and nonbinary individuals. Furthermore, in a set of photos of explicitly nonbinary individuals Rekognition misgendered all of them—a mistake that’s baked into the program’s design, since it measures gender as a binary.

USA: Healthcare is a huge industry – no wonder Amazon is muscling in

John Naughton | The Guardian | February 4, 2018

The report below the line revealed that the online giant had teamed up with Warren Buffett’s conglomerate, Berkshire Hathaway, and America’s biggest bank to create a not-for-profit healthcare group whose mission is to reduce the healthcare costs for their combined payroll of nearly a million employees.

Procurement

USA: New records show Google, Microsoft, and Amazon have thousands of previously unreported military and law enforcement contracts

Aaron Holmes | Business Insider | July 8, 2020

The subcontracts were obtained through open records requests by accountability nonprofit Tech Inquiry. They show that tech giants including Google, Amazon, and Microsoft have secured more than 5,000 agreements with agencies including the Department of Defense, Immigrations and Customs Enforcement, the Drug Enforcement Agency, and the FBI.

USA: The Details About the CIA's Deal With Amazon

Frank Konkel | The Atlantic | July 17, 2014

The intelligence community is about to get the equivalent of an adrenaline shot to the chest. This summer, a $600 million computing cloud developed by Amazon Web Services for the Central Intelligence Agency over the past year will begin servicing all 17 agencies that make up the intelligence community.

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